Genetics & Genomics:
What Are The Differences?

This section explains the difference between genetic testing, which looks at inherited risks passed down in families, and genomic testing, which looks at the tumor itself to see how aggressive it may be. Both can guide treatment decisions and, in the case of genetic testing, provide important information for family members.

Genetic Testing (Inherited Risk)

Genetic (germline) testing looks for inherited mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and Lynch syndrome genes. These changes can run in families and increase the risk of prostate cancer.

  • Why it matters: Test results may qualify men for certain targeted treatments (such as PARP inhibitors).
  • Family impact: Results can also help relatives understand if they should consider their own genetic testing or earlier cancer screening

Genomic Testing (Tumor-Based)

Genomic testing looks at the DNA activity inside the tumor itself to estimate how aggressive the cancer is and whether it’s likely to grow or spread.

  • Common tests: Oncotype DX®, Decipher®, and Prolaris®.
  • Why it matters: Helps doctors and patients decide between active surveillance (watchful waiting with monitoring) and active treatment (surgery, radiation, etc.).
  • Key Difference: Unlike genetic testing, which looks at inherited DNA, genomic testing only analyzes the tumor and does not reflect family risk.

Benefits

  • Can shrink or slow the growth of prostate cancer
  • May relieve symptoms in advanced disease
  • Can enhance the effectiveness of other treatments like radiation

Trusted Resources & Further Reading

Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider, such as a physician or urologist, about your personal care. Ask questions, seek multiple opinions if needed, and make decisions in partnership with your medical team.*